Pengaruh Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Perkembangan Anak

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A. Latar Belakang
Penggunaan gadget di kalangan anak-anak semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi yang pesat. Gadget seperti smartphone, tablet, dan komputer kini menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Tidak hanya orang dewasa, anak-anak juga terpapar penggunaan gadget dalam berbagai aktivitas, baik untuk hiburan, pendidikan, maupun komunikasi. Namun, penggunaan gadget yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif, terutama terhadap perkembangan sosial, emosional, dan kognitif anak. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk melakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh gadget terhadap perkembangan anak, sehingga orang tua dan pendidik dapat mengambil langkah preventif yang tepat.

B. Tujuan Penelitian
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap perkembangan sosial, emosional, dan kognitif anak. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat penggunaan gadget pada anak dan bagaimana hubungan antara intensitas penggunaan gadget dengan perilaku sosial anak, kemampuan kognitif, serta kesejahteraan emosional mereka.

C. Metode Penelitian
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif untuk mengukur pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap anak. Data akan dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang dirancang untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku anak terkait dengan penggunaan gadget serta dampak yang muncul. Metode kuantitatif dipilih karena memungkinkan untuk menganalisis data dalam bentuk numerik dan mendapatkan kesimpulan yang dapat digeneralisasikan.

E. Jenis Penelitian: Kuantitatif Deskriptif

F. Populasi: Anak usia 6-12 tahun

G. Sampel: 60 anak yang dipilih secara acak dari SDN Menteng sari di kota Cikalongkulon. Sampel dipilih untuk mewakili anak-anak di rentang usia tersebut, baik dari segi jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, dan latar belakang sosial ekonomi.

H. Instrumen Pengumpulan Data

  1. Kuesioner
    Kuesioner terdiri dari tiga bagian utama: data demografi, pola penggunaan gadget, dan dampak gadget pada perkembangan anak.

I. Instrumen Penelitian
Kuesioner ini berfungsi sebagai instrumen utama untuk mengumpulkan data dari responden. Kuesioner dirancang dengan model skala Likert 1-5, di mana 1 berarti “sangat tidak setuju” dan 5 berarti “sangat setuju”. Kuesioner ini terbagi menjadi tiga bagian utama sebagai berikut:

  1. Data Demografi
    Pada bagian ini, data mengenai latar belakang responden akan dikumpulkan, yang meliputi:
    Nama: _
    Usia: _

    Jenis Kelamin:
    Laki-laki
    Perempuan
    Tingkat Pendidikan:
    SD Kelas 1-3
    SD Kelas 4-6
    Berapa lama anak Anda menggunakan gadget per hari? (Pilihan jawaban dalam jam). Data demografi ini akan membantu untuk memahami profil responden dan mengelompokkan hasil berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat pendidikan.
  1. Penggunaan Gadget (Skala Likert 1-5)
    Bagian ini mengukur seberapa sering dan dalam konteks apa anak menggunakan gadget. Pertanyaan yang diajukan di antaranya:
    Berapa lama anak Anda menggunakan gadget dalam sehari?
    1 = < 1 jam 2 = 1-2 jam 3 = 2-3 jam 4 = 3-4 jam 5 = > 4 jam
    Seberapa sering anak menggunakan gadget untuk bermain game?
    1 = Tidak pernah
    2 = Jarang
    3 = Kadang-kadang
    4 = Sering
    5 = Selalu
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Apakah anak Anda sering menggunakan gadget saat makan atau belajar?
1 = Tidak pernah
2 = Jarang
3 = Kadang-kadang
4 = Sering
5 = Selalu

Bagian ini dirancang untuk mengetahui pola penggunaan gadget pada anak-anak dan seberapa besar intensitas penggunaannya dalam aktivitas sehari-hari.

  1. Dampak Gadget pada Anak (Skala Likert 1-5)
    Bagian ini berfokus pada pengaruh yang ditimbulkan oleh penggunaan gadget terhadap anak, khususnya dalam hal sosial, emosional, dan kognitif. Beberapa pertanyaan yang digunakan adalah:

Apakah anak menjadi kurang bersosialisasi karena terlalu sering menggunakan gadget?
1 = Sangat tidak setuju
2 = Tidak setuju
3 = Netral
4 = Setuju
5 = Sangat setuju

Anak sering merasa kesal atau cemas ketika gadget diambil?
1 = Sangat tidak setuju
2 = Tidak setuju
3 = Netral
4 = Setuju
5 = Sangat setuju

Penggunaan gadget mempengaruhi kemampuan belajar anak di sekolah?
1 = Sangat tidak setuju
2 = Tidak setuju
3 = Netral
4 = Setuju
5 = Sangat setuju

Anak sering meniru perilaku dari konten yang dilihat di gadget?
1 = Sangat tidak setuju
2 = Tidak setuju
3 = Netral
4 = Setuju
5 = Sangat setuju

Bagian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak gadget terhadap berbagai aspek perkembangan anak, sehingga dapat diketahui apakah gadget memiliki dampak positif atau negatif terhadap perkembangan anak.

J. Validitas dan Reliabilitas
Untuk memastikan bahwa instrumen penelitian ini memiliki validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik, akan dilakukan uji validitas dengan menggunakan korelasi Pearson. Uji ini digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa kuat hubungan antara item-item dalam kuesioner dengan total skor. Selain itu, untuk mengukur konsistensi internal dari instrumen, akan digunakan uji reliabilitas dengan Cronbach’s Alpha. Nilai Cronbach’s Alpha di atas 0,70 dianggap memadai untuk menunjukkan reliabilitas instrumen.

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K. Teknik Analisis Data
Data yang diperoleh dari 60 sampel akan dianalisis menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk melihat distribusi frekuensi, persentase, dan nilai rata-rata. Sedangkan untuk melihat hubungan antara penggunaan gadget dan dampaknya terhadap perkembangan anak, akan digunakan analisis regresi. Teknik ini membantu dalam menentukan apakah ada pengaruh signifikan antara variabel bebas (penggunaan gadget) dan variabel terikat (perkembangan anak).

Daftar Istilah

  1. Gadget
    Alat elektronik portabel seperti smartphone, tablet, dan komputer yang digunakan untuk berbagai aktivitas, seperti bermain game, menonton video, dan mengakses internet.
  2. Penggunaan Gadget
    Aktivitas yang melibatkan interaksi anak dengan gadget dalam durasi tertentu, yang mencakup aktivitas hiburan, pendidikan, dan komunikasi.
  3. Perkembangan Anak
    Proses perubahan fisik, mental, sosial, dan emosional pada anak seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Penelitian ini berfokus pada aspek perkembangan sosial, emosional, dan kognitif.
  4. Perkembangan Sosial
    Kemampuan anak untuk berinteraksi dengan orang lain, membentuk hubungan sosial, dan memahami norma-norma sosial di lingkungan sekitarnya.
  5. Perkembangan Emosional
    Kemampuan anak dalam mengenali, memahami, dan mengelola emosi diri sendiri serta orang lain.
  6. Perkembangan Kognitif
    Perkembangan kemampuan berpikir anak, termasuk pemecahan masalah, daya ingat, dan pengambilan keputusan.
  7. Skala Likert
    Sebuah metode pengukuran dalam bentuk skala yang digunakan dalam kuesioner untuk menilai sikap, pendapat, atau persepsi responden. Skala ini biasanya memiliki 5 pilihan jawaban, dari “sangat tidak setuju” hingga “sangat setuju”.
  8. Validitas
    Tingkat sejauh mana sebuah instrumen penelitian (misalnya, kuesioner) mengukur apa yang seharusnya diukur.
  9. Reliabilitas
    Konsistensi hasil yang diperoleh dari sebuah instrumen penelitian. Instrumen yang reliabel akan memberikan hasil yang sama ketika digunakan berulang kali dalam kondisi yang sama.
  10. Kuesioner
    Alat pengumpulan data yang terdiri dari serangkaian pertanyaan tertulis yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi dari responden tentang suatu topik tertentu.
  11. Korelasi Pearson
    Teknik statistik yang digunakan untuk mengukur kekuatan dan arah hubungan linear antara dua variabel.
  12. Cronbach’s Alpha
    Indeks yang digunakan untuk mengukur reliabilitas atau konsistensi internal dari item-item dalam instrumen penelitian, seperti kuesioner.
  13. Statistik Deskriptif
    Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan dan meringkas karakteristik dari data, misalnya frekuensi, rata-rata, dan persentase.
  14. Analisis Regresi
    Teknik analisis statistik yang digunakan untuk memeriksa hubungan antara satu variabel bebas (misalnya, penggunaan gadget) dengan satu atau lebih variabel terikat (misalnya, perkembangan anak).
  15. Populasi
    Keseluruhan subjek yang menjadi target penelitian. Dalam penelitian ini, populasi adalah anak usia 6-12 tahun.
  16. Sampel
    Bagian dari populasi yang dipilih untuk diambil datanya dan dianalisis. Dalam penelitian ini, sampel terdiri dari 60 anak.
  17. Kecanduan Gadget
    Kondisi di mana penggunaan gadget oleh anak-anak menjadi berlebihan dan sulit dikendalikan, sehingga mempengaruhi aktivitas sehari-hari dan hubungan sosial mereka.
  18. Distraksi
    Gangguan yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan gadget, yang dapat mengalihkan perhatian anak dari tugas atau aktivitas lain, seperti belajar atau bersosialisasi.
  19. Perilaku Meniru
    Tindakan anak dalam meniru perilaku atau pola interaksi yang dilihat dari konten di gadget, seperti video, game, atau media sosial.
  20. Durasi Penggunaan
    Lama waktu yang dihabiskan anak untuk menggunakan gadget dalam sehari, yang biasanya diukur dalam satuan jam.
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M Kiki Rizki

PGSD Semester V Universitas Djuanda Bogor

This Post Has 302 Comments

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    References:

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    Testosterone is further metabolized by the enzyme 5α-reductase to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which binds with larger affinity to
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    Other weaker endogenous androgen, androstenediol,
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    Lastly, it could be very important understand that these values aren’t the end-all-be-all in figuring out the capabilities of an anabolic steroid.
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    Nevertheless, this increase in expression by ND was decreased after fifty six days in C2C12 mouse cells (22).

    Significant effects of ND administration and time had been noticed with significantly
    elevated MAFbx expression at 31, 35, and 56 days after muscle denervation in male Wistar rats; expression tended to be decreased at day 35 and
    was significantly lowered at day 56 (43). ND administration considerably attenuated IL1 expression in an overload situation solely in 25-month male Fisher 344xF1 Brown Norway rat muscle as compared to five-month muscle (36).

    IL6 mRNA abundance was significantly greater in a ND + overload
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    In androgenic tissues, nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) is quickly transformed
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    Beginner stacks may be simple, whereas advanced users can easily combine three or extra compounds in a cycle.
    A plan that by no means fails is to use Dbol for the first six
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    Consider using Arimidex for the entire cycle if you can afford to
    begin; otherwise, use it the day after your final injection at half
    mg every day for up to 6 weeks, in addition to Clomid at 100mg day by day for the
    primary ten days and reduced to 50mg daily for the following ten days.

    The checks to detect AASs that are utilized by the World Anti-Doping Company and different antidoping companies usually are not clinically out there.
    Additionally, if a affected person needs to keep away from
    detection, she or he can simply accomplish that by avoiding use
    of AASs on the time of testing or by submitting someone else’s urine pattern. In flip,
    IGF-1 signaling activation of PI3K/AKT and
    PLC/PKC pathways, results in a rise in aromatase
    expression and estrogen manufacturing inducing
    cell proliferation in Leydig cell cancer [101]. On taking
    account genetic factors, testosterone artificial derivatives can be metabolized to
    17β-estradiol in adipose, cerebral and testicular tissues.
    As previously described, the 17β-estradiol
    (E2) has an essential role in estrogen-dependent breast cancer, and it’s described as a possible mutagenic and carcinogenic mediator [38].

    The most-reported dosing was 6 mg/kg for ND, used in 5 titles (3, 19, 25,
    36, 38). As AAS have been reported to have a dose-dependent impact, standardization of dosing protocols should be prioritized.
    For instance, the Md dosing protocol of zero.5 mg/kg BW/day
    used by Mosler and colleagues was primarily based on beforehand identified
    doses meant to simulate these of an AAS-abusing athlete (27).
    Previous survey research has recognized over 18 generally used AAS compounds (29).
    This suggests that there’s the potential of unknown effects on gene expression in SM.

    References:

    PedsElite

  4. PedsElite

    They usually are not illegal to possess; nonetheless,
    they are included in Schedule four of the Therapeutic Goods Administration’s (TGA) Poisons Normal, meaning they
    are prescription-only medicines. Subsequently, they
    will solely be legally purchased with a valid prescription. In Australia,
    anabolic steroids are categorized as managed medicine beneath the Poisons
    Normal. Possession, use, and provide of steroids with no prescription or respectable medical purpose are
    legal offences in accordance with the Medicine Misuse Act 1986 (QLD) and corresponding laws
    in other states. This classification underscores the government’s
    approach to curbing non-medical use of such substances.
    Whereas responsible use of anabolic steroids
    may help people obtain their health objectives, it’s essential to seek the
    advice of with a medical professional earlier than using any substances.

    A healthcare supplier can help determine if steroid use is suitable for an individual’s
    specific well being profile and supply steering on accountable
    utilization.
    Second, a hierarchical logistic regression was carried out to
    evaluate predictors of protein powder use (measured using responses categorised as yes/no).
    Related to the primary evaluation, predictors initially entered into the mannequin included
    demographic variables of age, ethnicity, and
    BMI at step one, followed by drive for muscularity and physique esteem at step two.
    The number of sports participants engaged in and weight
    coaching were added in step three of the mannequin. For
    occasion, Testosterone Enanthate is widely used for its capacity to promote muscle growth and enhance energy, making it a staple in many steroid cycles.
    Anavar, however, is favored for its gentle nature and effectiveness in preserving lean muscle during slicing
    phases. Dianabol is renowned for its rapid muscle-building properties, whereas Trenbolone and Deca-Durabolin are extremely efficient for superior
    users trying to obtain significant positive
    aspects. In 2024, the panorama for purchasing steroids on-line in Australia has advanced.

    When taking steroids, you shut down your body’s manufacturing of testosterone.
    When you stop steroid abuse, it takes your physique weeks to months
    to get again to making its own testosterone once more. In Australia, steroids may
    be prescribed by a well being care provider for medical purposes like treating androgen deficiency (low testosterone) or
    as a half of gender-affirming remedy or for other medical reasons.
    Nevertheless, steroids can additionally be misused and abused so there are restrictions on prescribing and supply.
    Each sort of prescription anabolic steroid and each brand
    has different attainable unwanted effects. It’s necessary to talk
    to your healthcare supplier or a pharmacist about
    possible unwanted effects of the precise medicine you’re taking or considering of taking.

    Earlier Than we dive proper into talking about real legal steroids,
    it’s value taking a quick evaluate into what anabolic steroids
    actually are. Injectable steroids have long been a go-to
    for serious athletes and bodybuilders. With excessive bioavailability and
    reliable results, they’re engineered to support speedy muscle growth
    and constant efficiency features.
    It can provide large muscle and strength gains twice as fast, generally
    even overnight! But all of it comes at a giant trade-off, as Anadrol is also one of many riskiest to your well being.

    These can be in the form of liver injury, breast growth (not good), shrinking of testicles (definitely
    not good!) and high blood pressure, amongst others.
    Human Development Hormone (HGH) is way over a muscle-builder it’s a total-body enhancer.
    With wide-ranging effects from fats loss to pores and skin enchancment, HGH is
    well-liked with athletes, bodybuilders, and wellness fanatics alike.

    If injections aren’t your factor, oral steroids provide a simple yet effective
    way to kickstart your health journey.
    This includes use of the oral prescription drug isotretinoin by a small percentage of users (65, 67).
    Isotretinoin is considered to be the best medication against acne (68).
    Regardless Of its effectiveness, isotretinoin therapy is mostly reserved for extreme nodulocystic scarring pimples or zits resistant to different therapies (68).
    Isotretinoin, however, can lead to dermatologic, ophthalmologic and
    psychiatric/psychosomatic adverse events (69), generally together with
    dry skin, chapped lips, and nose bleeds (70).
    The complement is made up of a mix of elements which would possibly be secure and natural.
    These ingredients also work together to ensure enhanced
    restoration instances between workouts. From Clenbutrol to HGH X2, we
    have rounded up the top 5 authorized steroids in Australia that will allow you to achieve your fitness objectives safely and effectively.
    These pure steroids are legal and have an inventory of elements that only embrace natural compounds, such as nutritional vitamins, amino acids
    and minerals.
    For this group of sufferers, an professional panel recommends using hydrophilic statins (rosuvastatin and
    pravastatin) at a low-to-moderate dose, as hydrophilic statins are thought
    to be extra hepatoselective (153). If the statin is not tolerated, it is advisable to alter to a lipophilic
    statin (e.g. simvastatin or atorvastatin), cut back the dose, or try an alternate-day regimen (154).
    If despite these attempts statin intolerance stays an issue,
    different pharmacological options, corresponding to ezetimibe
    or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin sort 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, should
    be explored. Testosterone is bioactivated into a more
    potent androgen in tissues expressing enzymes of the 5α-reductase family.
    These enzymes catalyze a reduction reaction at carbon 5, adding an α-oriented hydrogen atom.
    With testosterone as a substrate, this reaction yields the most potent naturally
    occurring androgen, specifically, dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
    In adults these enzymes are expressed, among different tissues, in the liver, skin, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicles,
    testis, kidney, pancreas and brain (19).
    In doing so, it may be very important take note of blood strain cuff measurement.

    AAS customers are extra doubtless to have giant higher arm circumferences, and an inappropriately small cuff will overestimate
    blood stress. The significance of using an appropriate
    cuff dimension in a muscular population was underscored in a trial examining
    blood stress in a cohort of competitive bodybuilders (96).
    In these with an upper arm circumference greater than 33 cm, systolic
    blood stress was 8.2 mmHg greater utilizing cuff measurement M in contrast with cuff size L.
    As a result, 33% of the topics would be categorized as hypertensive using the –
    inappropriate – cuff measurement M, whereas solely 12% would be categorised as such using cuff dimension L.

    References:

    PedsElite

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