Menulis latar belakang penelitian yang baik

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Latar belakang? Apa itu latar belakang? Latar belakang ialah  informasi awal dari seluruh kegiatan penelitian yang memuat isu atau topik yang diangkat. Latar belakang juga memberikan gambaran apakah peneliti merupakan orang yang menguasai topik yang diangkat atau tidak dan penggunaan bahasa yang cermat atau sebaliknya.

Menulis latar belakang diawali dengan menemukan masalah yang akan diteliti. Lalu dilanjutkan dengan menulis latar belakang masalah penelitian, dalam melalui latar belakang peneliti akan menyampaikan atau mengungkapkan gagasan/ fikiran kepada orang lain lewat latar belakang ini. Keraf (1997:34) menyatakan bahwa tujuan tulis-menulis atau karang-mengarang adalah untuk mengungkapkan fakta-fakta, perasaan, sikap dan isi pikiran kepada pembaca secara jelas dan efektif. Dalam menulis latar belakang ada 3 hal yang harus difokukan yaitu:

  • substansi yang ditulis : dimaksud dalam hal ini menyangkut tema atau topik yang ditulis masih kabur, kurang dukungan bukti empirik dan teoretik, dan tema yang diangkat bukan hal baru.
  • logika berpikir : meliputi  kemampuan menuliskan ide atau gagasan dalam bahasa tulis dengan alur urutan yang tidak logis, banyak dalam penelitian menulis alur sangat tidak logis.
  • bahasa yang digunakan : persoalan bahasa meliputi ketidakcermatan atau ketidaktelitian penulisan ejaan kata dan tata aturan menulis kalimat yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan baku dan gramatika bahasa yang dipakai. Sebagai contoh, kesalahan penulisan awalan dan kata depan ‘di’, ‘ke’, dan ‘ter’, merupakan salah satu persoalan bahasa yang sangat sering terjadi. Misalnya, penulisan kata “dikantor” yang mestinya “di kantor”, “di beli” yang mestinya “dibeli”, “ter cerahkan” yang mestinya “tercerahkan”.
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Suatu tema mungkin akan baik dan menarik, tetapi jika ditulis menggunakan bahasa yang  banyak kesalahan itu akan berakibat sebaliknya. Mengapa tulisan harus benar, jelas, dan efektif? Karna jika dengan penulisan sudah sangat benar pembaca akan sangat menyukai bacaan dan pembacanya pun akan larut di dalam bacaan tersebut.

Adapun sebaliknya jika kita tidak serius dalam hal memilih latar belakang, pembaca akan sangat malas dalam membacanya, bagaimana mungkin seseorang bisa melakukan hal-hal besar dan serius ketika hal-hal sederhana saja tidak bisa ditunaikan dengan baik, walaupun kesalahan bahasa tidak bisa dianggap sebagai hal sederhana.

Adapun juga Latar belakang harus sistematis dan tidak boleh ditulis sembarangan, yang akan membingungkan pembaca. Tulisan kita harus terorganisir dengan baik, dan ada perbedaan antara penulisan latar belakang kuantitatif dan kualitatif.

Jika kita melakukan penelitian dengan tulisan kuantitatif, kita harus menggunakan logika deduktif, dan jika kita menggunakan tulisan kualitatif, kita harus menggunakan logika induktif. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk memperhatikan dan menulis latar belakang secara sistematis.

Latar belakang memberikan informasi awal dari seluruh kegiatan penelitian yang memuat isu atau topik yang diangkat. Latar belakang juga memberikan gambaran apakah peneliti merupakan orang yang menguasai topik yang diangkat atau tidak dan pengguna bahasa yang cermat atau sebaliknya.

Karena itu, diusahakan jangan sampai terjadi kesalahan bahasa di bagian awal-awal penulisan karya ilmiah.  Sedemikian pentingnya penulisan latar belakang yang baik, maka kita perlu memperhatikan hal-hal sebagai berikut:

  1. Alasan rasional mengapa tema perlu diteliti dan jika tidak apa risikonya.
  2. Tema yang diangkat benar-benar merupakan masalah publik (bukan masalah pribadi) dan bukan pula sesuatu yang dipermasalahkan.
  3. Kompleksitas masalah sehingga memerlukan metode secara ilmiah untuk menyelesaikannya.
  4. Tema akan menghasilkan ilmu pengetahuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan.
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Adapun juga Latar belakang tidak harus panjang lebar hingga berhalaman-halaman, tetapi singkat namun padat. Dengan tulisan yang padat, peneliti berusaha menyampaikan informasi yang komprehensif ke pembaca dengan mudah. Selain itu, melalui latar belakang penulis berusaha meyakinkan pembaca mengenai seberapa penting tema diangkat, baik bagi peneliti sendiri maupun bagi orang lain dan masyarakat luas.

Tujuan utama latar belakang ialah mengantarkan pembaca agar memahami dan tertarik dengan tema yang ditulis. Karena itu, selain memakai bahasa ilmiah yang baku, latar belakang juga menyediakan informasi penting  mengenai tali-temalinya dengan studi-studi sebelumnya, jika kalian tidak melihat tema dari sebeleum sebelumnya kalian tidak akan tau bahwa tema itu baru di angkat atau sudah usang.

Agar latar belakang dapat menarik minat pembaca, padat, ringkas, dan berkualitas, dikutip dari Sarifudin Website Institute, ada beberapa aspek yang perlu diperhatikan sebagai berikut:

  1. Aspek normatif, yaitu kondisi yang seharusnya atau ingin dicapai secara ideal.
  2. Aspek empirik, yaitu kondisi yang sebenarnya terjadi di lapangan dan menjadi pertanyaan, karena berbeda dengan kondisi ideal. Pada aspek empirik akan tergambar gap atau ketimpangan antara normatif dan empirik, sehingga permasalahan yang akan diangkat tertera di bagian ini.
  3. Aspek teoretik, yakni bagian yang mengungkapkan metode yang akan digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persoalan yang disebut gap penelitian.

Agar penulisan latar belakang tersajikan secara efektif, Syarifudin menawarkan sistem piramida terbalik sebagai berikut:

  1. Pada bagian awal latar belakang peneliti menyajikan gambaran umum tentang masalah yang akan diteliti, mulai dari hal yang bersifat global terus menyempit hingga mengerucut ke objek dan ruang lingkup yang akan diteliti.
  2. Pada bagian tengah tulisan diungkap mengenai fakta, fenomena, data empirik dari studi-studi sebelumnya dan pendapat para ahli.
  3. Bagian akhir latar belakang membahas mengenai alternatif solusi yang bisa ditawarkan, baik secara teoretis maupun praktis, sehingga melahirkan judul penelitian. Karena itu, dalam metode penelitian kualitatif peneliti tidak perlu bingung dan sibuk mencari judul penelitian sejak awal, melainkan tema dulu.
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This Post Has 71 Comments

  1. peatix.com

    which of the following has been found to be a side effect of anabolic steroid use?

    References:

    peatix.com

  2. You can use the identical ancillary compounds as the week cycle plans,
    although you won’t get some benefits that want a longer cycle.
    Nonetheless, you presumably can think about adding one thing like Clenbuterol or even T3 (Cytomel) or T4
    if you’re an advanced and assured person who
    needs to ramp up fat burning. Anavar will promote fats loss
    and comes with some advantages for recovery.
    This effect is barely worse than testosterone and just
    like a reasonable dose of Anavar. Studies administering 600 mg/week of Deca for 10 weeks (8) saw a 26% discount in HDL levels.
    Anavar doesn’t convert to estrogen, which is advantageous in regard to body composition, as there will
    be no water retention. This is not an alarming drop;
    nonetheless, it is certainly one thing to monitor and take precautions against.

    Additionally, in a single anonymous survey of 2,167 world-class newbie
    athletes, about 43.6% admitted to using performance-enhancing medication. It
    is estimated that 3.3% of youngsters in highschool additionally use steroids [3].
    Anabolic steroids (AS) are additionally used by non-athletes to have the ability to enhance their bodily
    skills and look [Como obter corpo atlético em 4 semanas com suplementos adequados].
    Though steroids are doubtlessly harmful and there is
    proof for a shorter life expectancy, some do take anabolic steroids and stay lengthy
    lives. Anabolic-androgenic steroids should solely be prescribed by a medical physician for clearly outlined medical reasons.

    Yes, when you take prescription anabolic steroids under the
    supervision of your healthcare provider for a medical cause, anabolic steroids are usually secure.
    Anabolic steroids (artificial androgens) work by activating androgen receptors in your physique
    and mimicking the consequences of natural androgens.
    Anabolic steroids are manufactured medication that closely resemble the hormone
    testosterone or different androgens.
    The misuse of anabolic steroids in bodybuilding critically harms long-term well being.
    Liver injury and problems with hormones are additionally major considerations, hurting
    both women and men. Amongst AAS customers there’s the idea that AAS
    would possibly cause gynecomastia by way of alternative pathways,
    similar to elevated progestin action on the mammary
    glands or increased prolactin levels. While gynecomastia can develop
    in sufferers with hyperprolactinemia, the situation arises secondary to the gonadotropin suppression prolactin could cause (203).
    Such follow should be discouraged as a result of it’s illogical and
    produces potential unwanted effects such as
    cardiac abnormalities or arrhythmia.
    Three months after ceasing AAS use and 1 yr after the
    start of the AAS cycle it was reported by 14% and 1% of customers, respectively.
    None of these changes had been significantly completely different from baseline,
    which may be a kind II error. The comparatively excessive proportion of customers reporting erectile dysfunction at baseline compared with the last follow-up measurement suggests this aspect
    effect might need still been present from relatively recent
    AAS use at baseline in some. However, since not all AAS users completed observe up, attrition bias
    may additionally (partly) clarify the distinction. Regardless, erectile dysfunction would possibly
    develop after an AAS cycle on account of the transient
    hypogonadal state. In this case a lack of libido because of testosterone deficiency usually
    underlies the erectile dysfunction.
    These genes make the cells produce more proteins than they often would.
    Muscle dysmorphia, characterized by an excessive
    and pathological preoccupation with muscularity, is prevalent
    among AAS users. It has been reported that
    muscle dysmorphia impacts approximately 1.5%
    to 6% of Swedish gym guests, as indicated by a scholar thesis [35].
    AAS customers may develop this condition due to
    an obsession with the belief that their
    muscularity isn’t enough. Pope et al. [36] instructed that the
    significant hole between men’s precise muscularity and their physique beliefs might
    contribute to the rise in disorders like muscle dysmorphia and anabolic steroid abuse.
    This means that societal pressures and unrealistic body standards might play a role within the
    improvement of such conditions.
    That means over time it begins to take higher and extra frequent doses to get the identical effects.

    The primary cause folks misuse anabolic steroids is to increase lean muscle mass when utilizing them
    at the aspect of weight training. Anabolic steroids are medicines which are manufactured forms of
    testosterone. The technical term for these compounds is “anabolic-androgenic steroids” (AAS).

  3. In most clinical eventualities, the affiliation of protein-calorie malnutrition increases the morbidity and mortality of the first
    illness state. By stopping this loss of lean physique mass, the clinician can hope to prevent
    most of the opposed effects brought on by the illness and, perhaps, by different therapies which have been enacted.
    In all scientific circumstances, excluding cancer, AASs have
    shown efficacy in weight achieve.
    Thus, though a major amount of the steroid will be energetic due to
    C17-alpha alkylation, if you’re taking 30 mg of Dianabol,
    the true dose could only be 26 mg. In distinction, users who inject 30 mg of Dianabol will expertise the total dose.
    Some individuals in bodybuilding imagine that roid rage is
    a fantasy; however, research shows that 60% of steroid
    users expertise a rise in aggressive conduct (28).
    Prospective analysis on anabolic steroid use and connective tissue harm is warranted.
    Anabolic steroids have many bodily effects, including promoting
    muscle growth and increasing strength and power.
    Thus, these medication are often used illegitimately to achieve a competitive edge in sports activities.

    Whereas every particular person could have cardiovascular danger components, Deca-Durabolin is thought of as having much less
    cardiovascular stress than oral steroids but more so than common testosterone.
    The resumption of pure testosterone production can take many months if left to occur on its own. A PCT cycle is essential following
    the use of Deca-Durabolin in order that testosterone manufacturing can be encouraged to start occurring sooner
    and quicker and that can help you keep away from a state of
    low testosterone. One of the massive positives of Deca-Durabolin is
    its lack of toxicity in the liver.
    All data supplied in featured rehab listings is verified by the power officials.
    The particulars are kept up to date to assist folks with addiction treatment wants get essentially
    the most full and precise details in regards to the rehabilitation facility.
    Wholesome Male is funded by the Australian Authorities Department of Health, Incapacity and Ageing.
    Data supplied on this web site isn’t an different choice to medical advice.

    We are dedicated to offering respectful, inclusive
    services and work environments where all individuals
    really feel accepted, secure, affirmed and celebrated.

    Whereas AAS are the most generally talked-about
    type of steroid, there is another variety referred to as glucocorticoids or
    corticosteroids. These are naturally occurring hormones produced in the adrenal glands
    located on top of your kidneys (33). Synthetic testosterone can additionally be used
    to deal with individuals with low testosterone, which is referred to as testosterone alternative remedy
    (TRT).
    Commonplace steroid cycles are often the place to begin for brand new users however are also a staple
    within the technique of experienced bodybuilders.

    The outcomes achieved over a 10–12-week normal cycle
    may be unbelievable (provided you’re employed exhausting within the
    gym). It’s also not an amazing size of time to commit to utilizing steroids.

    That takes us to Equipoise – this testosterone-derived steroid is
    a modified form of Dianabol.
    If you might be on corticosteroid or anabolic steroid therapy, discuss with
    your physician concerning the risks versus advantages 5.
    Healthcare professionals are properly conscious of the potential unwanted effects of these
    medications and generally prescribe them provided that the advantages outweigh the dangers.

    Contact your doctor should you expertise any
    indicators or symptoms which may sign a aspect impact.
    Notably, taking testosterone or other anabolic steroids during pregnancy can lead
    to irregular fetal growth of the reproductive system, significantly among
    female babies 2. Additional, it stays unknown how these hormones would possibly affect infants of nursing moms
    using these drugs. Widespread unwanted aspect effects with short-term use (4 weeks or less) of oral or
    injected types of these medicines embody elevated appetite, insomnia,
    and mood adjustments such as irritability or agitation.
    Some folks will use it for months; others will restrict themselves to a six or 8-week cycle.
    This all is dependent upon your targets and if you’re stacking it with
    steroids, SARMs, or other fat-burning PEDs. L-tyrosine and iodine are a
    typical combination to mitigate anticipated side effects.
    And to hold on to your muscle throughout an 8-week blast cycle,
    stack T3 with any female-friendly steroid or SARM at a low
    dose, like Anavar. It’s the anabolic traits which are interesting to athletes,
    however as a feminine, you’ll also be coping with the unwanted androgenic effects.

    Men over 40 years of age with baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of more than zero.6 ng/mL should
    have their PSA ranges measured and a prostate examination at 3 to 6 months.
    Treatment must be withheld in males with a palpable prostate nodule or prostate-specific antigen of
    more than 4 ng/mL and in sufferers at excessive
    risk of prostate malignancy with prostate-specific antigen of
    more than three ng/mL. Anabolic steroids may be administered through oral pills, injections, topical creams or gels, or skin patches.
    The drugs could also be taken by mouth, injected into
    a muscle, or utilized to pores and skin as a gel or in a patch.
    AAOS does not endorse any therapies, procedures, products, or physicians referenced herein. This information is provided as an educational service
    and is not intended to serve as medical advice. Anybody seeking specific orthopaedic
    advice or help should seek the advice of his or her orthopaedic surgeon, or find one in your area via the AAOS Find an Orthopaedist
    program on this website.

    References:

    Antes e Depois com PedsElite

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