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Template Proposal Penelitian Kualitatif
Penelitian kualitatif adalah jenis penelitian yang temuan-temuannya tidak diperoleh melalui prosedur statistik atau bentuk hitungan lainnya dan berusaha memahami dan menafsirkan makna suatu peristiwa interaksi tingkah laku manusia dalam situasi tertentu menurut perspektif peneliti sendiri.
Penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dan cenderung menggunakan analisis. Proses dan makna (perspektif subjek) lebih ditonjolkan dalam penelitian kualitatif. Landasan teori dimanfaatkan sebagai pemandu agar fokus penelitian sesuai dengan fakta di lapangan.
Penelitian kualitatif dikenal sejak tahun 1960-an dan sering disebut metode alternatif (alternative method). Metode ini tidak menggunakan pertanyaan yang rinci, tapi dimulai dengan yang umum tetapi kemudian meruncing dan mendetail. Metode kualitatif memperlakukan partisipan sebagai subjek bukan objek sehingga partisipan menganggap dirinya berharga karena informasi dari mereka sangat bermanfaat.
Pengertian Penelitian Kualitatif Menurut Para Ahli
- Menurut Saryono (2010), Penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki, menemukan, menggambarkan, dan menjelaskan kualitas atau keistimewaan dari pengaruh sosial yang tidak dapat dijelaskan, diukur atau digambarkan melalui pendekatan kuantitatif.
- Menurut Sugiyono (2011), metode penelitian kualitatif adalah metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat postpositivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek yang alamiah, (sebagai lawannya eksperimen) dimana peneliti adalah sebagai instrumen kunci, pengambilan sampel sumber data dilakukan secara purposive dan snowball, teknik pengumpulan dengan triangulasi (gabungan), analisis data bersifat induktif atau kualitatif, dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih menekankan makna daripada generalisasi.
- Kriyantono menyatakan bahwa, “Riset kualitatif bertujuan untuk menjelaskan fenomena dengan sedalam-dalamnya melalui pengumpulan data sedalam-dalamnya.” Penelitian kualitatif menekankan pada kedalaman data yang didapatkan oleh peneliti. Semakin dalam dan detail data yang didapatkan, maka semakin baik kualitas dari penelitian kualitatif ini.
- Ali dan Yusof (2011) mendefinisikan penelitian kualitatif adalah any investigation which does not make use of statistical procedures is called “qualitative” nowadays, as if this were a quality label in itself.
- Menurut Creswell (2008) mendefinisikan metode penelitian kualitatif sebagai suatu pendekatan atau penelusuran untuk mengeksplorasi dan memahami suatu gejala sentral. Untuk mengerti gejala sentral tersebut, peneliti mewawancarai peserta penelitian atau partisipan dengan mengajukan pertanyaan yang umum dan agak luas. Informasi kemudian dikumpulkan yang berupa kata maupun teks. Kumpulan informasi tersebut kemudian dianalisis. Dari hasil analisis peneliti kemudian menjabarkan dengan penelitian-penelitian ilmuwan lain yang dibuat sebelumnya. Hasil akhir penelitian kualitatif dituangkan dalam bentuk laporan tertulis.
Tujuan Penelitian Kualitatif
Tujuan penelitian kualitatif menurut Kriyantono, adalah untuk menjelaskan suatu fenomena dengan sedalam-dalamnya dengan cara pengumpulan data yang sedalam-dalamnya pula, yang menunjukkan pentingnya kedalaman dan detail suatu data yang diteliti.
Tahapan Dalam Penelitian Kualitatif
Ada lima tahapan penelitian kualitatif, yaitu:
- Mengangkat permasalahan.
- Memunculkan pertanyaan penelitian.
- Mengumpulkan data yang relevan.
- Melakukan analisis data.
- Menjawab pertanyaan penelitian.
Tipe-tipe atau Jenis PenelitianKualitatif
- Fenomenologi
Phenomenology: a form of qualitative research in which the researcher attempts to understand how one or more individuals experience a phenomenon.
Penelitian fenomenologi dimulai dari memperhatikan dan menelaah fokus fenomena yang akan diteliti, melihat berbagai aspek subjektif dari perilaku objek. Kemudian melakukan penggalian data berupa bagaimana pemaknaan objek dalam memberikan arti terhadap fenomena yang terkait. Penggalian data dilakukan dengan wawancara yang mendalam kepada objek atau informan di dalam penelitian, serta dengan melakukan observasi secara langsung mengenai bagaimana objek penelitian menginterpretasikan pengalamannya kepada orang lain.
- Etnografi
Ethnography: is the form of qualitative research that focuses on describing the culture of a group of people.
Adalah penelitian yang memiliki tujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk dan fungsi bahasa yang tersedia dalam budaya yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk berkomunikasi oleh individu di dalamnya. Melihat bagaimana bentuk dan fungsi bahasa tersebut menjadi bagian dari kehidupan masyarakat.
Metode ini menginterpretasikan kelompok sosial, sistem yang berlaku dan peran yang dijalankan, serta interaksi sosial yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Biasanya digunakan untuk berfokus pada kegiatan atau ritual tertentu didalam masyarakat, bahasa, kepercayaan, cara-cara hidup dan lain sebagainya.
- Studi Kasus
Case study research: is a form of qualitative research that focused on providing a detailed account of one or more cases.
Studi kasus meneliti suatu kasus atau fenomena tertentu yang ada didalam masyarakat yang dilakukan secara mendalam untuk mempelajari latar belakang, keadaan, dan interaksi yang terjadi.
Studi kasus dilakukan pada suatu kesatuan sistem yang bisa berupa suatu program, kegiatan, peristiwa, atau sekelompok individu yang ada pada keadaan atau kondisi-kondisi tertentu.
- Metode Teori Dasar
Grounded theory: is a qualitative approach to generating and developing a theory form data that the researcher collects.
Adalah penelitian yang dilakukan untuk menemukan suatu teori atau untuk menguatkan teori yang sudah ada dengan mengkaji prinsip dan kaidah dasar yang ada. Selanjutnya dibuat kesimpulan dasar yang membentuk prinsip dasar dari suatu teori.
- Metode Historis
Historical research: research about events that occurred in the past.
Adalah penelitian yang memiliki fokus penelitian berupa peristiwa-peristiwa yang sudah berlalu dan melakukan rekonstruksi masa lalu dengan sumber data atau saksi sejarah yang masih ada hingga saat ini.
Sumber data tersebut bisa diperoleh dari berbagai catatan sejarah, artefak, laporan verbal, maupun saksi hidup yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenaran kesaksiannya.
Karakteristik PenelitianKualitatif
Penelitian jenis kualitatif disebut juga penelitian naturalistik, metode fenomenologis, metode impresionistik, dan metode post positivistic. Adapun karakteristik penelitian jenis ini adalah sebagai berikut menurut (Sujana dan Ibrahim, 2001: 6-7; Suharsimi Arikunto, 2002: 11-12; Moleong, 2005: 8-11; Johnson, 2005, dan Kasiram, 2008: 154-155):
- Menggunakan pola berpikir induktif (empiris – rasional atau bottom-up).
Metode kualitatif sering digunakan untuk menghasilkan grounded theory, yaitu teori yang timbul dari data bukan dari hipotesis seperti dalam metode kuantitatif. Atas dasar itu penelitian bersifat generating theory, sehingga teori yang dihasilkan berupa teori substantif.
- Perspektif emic/partisipan sangat diutamakan dan dihargai tinggi. Minat peneliti banyak tercurah pada bagaimana persepsi dan makna menurut sudut pandang partisipan yang diteliti, sehingga bisa menemukan apa yang disebut sebagai fakta fenomenologis.
- Penelitian jenis kualitatif tidak menggunakan rancangan penelitian yang baku. Rancangan penelitian berkembang selama proses penelitian.
- Tujuan penelitian kualitatif adalah untuk memahami, mencari makna di balik data, untuk menemukan kebenaran, baik kebenaran empiris sensual, empiris logis, dan empiris logis.
- Subjek yang diteliti, data yang dikumpulkan, sumber data yang dibutuhkan, dan alat pengumpul data bisa berubah-ubah sesuai dengan kebutuhan.
- Pengumpulan data dilakukan atas dasar prinsip fenomenologis, yaitu dengan memahami secara mendalam gejala atau fenomena yang dihadapi.
- Peneliti berfungsi pula sebagai alat pengumpul data sehingga keberadaanya tidak terpisahkan dengan apa yang diteliti.
- Analisis data dapat dilakukan selama penelitian sedang dan telah berlangsung.
- Hasil penelitian berupa deskripsi dan interpretasi dalam konteks waktu serta situasi tertentu.
- Penelitian jenis kualitatif disebut juga penelitian ilmiah atau inkuiri naturalistik.
Prosedur Penelitian Kualitatif
Prosedur pelaksanaan penelitian kualitatif bersifat fleksibel sesuai dengan kebutuhan, serta situasi dan kondisi di lapangan. Garis besar tahapan penelitian jenis kualitatif adalah sebagai berikut (Sudarwan Danim dan Darwis, 2003 : 80)
- Merumuskan masalah sebagai fokus penelitian.
- Mengumpulkan data di lapangan.
- Menganalisis data.
- Merumuskan hasil studi.
- Menyusun rekomendasi untuk pembuatan keputusan.
Point Penting Dalam Metode Kualitatif
Beberapa poin penting yang perlu dipahami oleh seorang peneliti dalam melakukan penelitian kualitatif adalah :
- Penelitian kualitatif tidak terlalu fokus kepada angka atau nilai dalam pengukuran variabelnya.
- Penelitian kualitatif tidak melakukan suatu pengujian menggunakan metode statistic
- Bersifat elaborasi, peneliti diperbolehkan menggali informasi lebih dalam terhadap
- objek penelitian dengan tidak bergantung pada pengukuran numerik.
- Lebih tidak terstruktur dibanding penelitian kuantitatif.
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Creatine is a naturally occurring compound present in muscles, often taken as a supplement to spice up power during high-intensity exercises, support muscle growth, and improve recovery.
It’s one of the most researched supplements on the market,
with research exhibiting advantages for each athletes and informal gym-goers.
But Ramadan’s fasting hours—no meals or drink from
daybreak to sunset—add a layer of complexity. As
we have mentioned, during a fasting period, you should keep away from any
foods, including dietary supplements, which have a excessive vitality intake (meaning contains calories).
Its main operate is to produce power to the part of your body that need it.
When supplementing with creatine, it has been found that
it improves power, endurance, energy, fat-free mass, etc.
Those can take many forms and will include caffeine, green tea
extracts, as nicely as BCAA, B Vitamins, amino acids and, after
all, some synthetic sweeteners. Metabolic syndrome is known as
a type of inflammation characterized by hypertension, an extreme amount
of body fat and high blood sugar levels. Caffeine may need, according
to studies, anti-inflammatory benefits, that assist reduce
the risk of metabolic syndrome. Finally, you must determine what “breaking a quick” means for you.
Is it about avoiding any and all energy, or is it about
managing specific metabolic signals?
With this in mind, rigorously timed creatine use can improve the
effectiveness of a quick, resulting in higher performance and faster outcomes.
Before supplementing with creatine throughout a fast, individuals ought to consult with a healthcare professional to make sure
they are taking the best method to reaching their desired goals.
Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is one other calorie-free
flavoring that comes with added well being advantages. Lengthy earlier than it was popularized as a biohack, ACV was used to assist hold glucose
ranges in a wholesome range for sufferers with diabetes.
If your major aim with fasting is fats loss, be very cautious about taking
traditional pre-workout supplements. When combined correctly,
pre-workout supplements can i take creatine during a fast boost the advantages of intermittent fasting.
By selecting pre-workouts with science-backed ingredients like these or taking them solo, you build upon intermittent fasting’s already spectacular benefits.
Some people select to start out with a loading part, usually involving
taking 20 grams of creatine per day (divided into four doses) for 5-7 days.
This query could arise in a lot of our minds when we go fasting,
however on the same time, we also need to give priority to our
health. If you are taking your creatine complement throughout
your fasting interval and you don’t want to break the quick, take creatine blended with water and nothing else.
When it comes to the science behind creatine and its interaction with insulin and fats metabolism, there’s so much to unpack.
During high-intensity, short-duration workouts similar to heavy weightlifting, the physique’s demand for quick energy surpasses what could be supplied by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) shops alone.
The major aim of fasting can vary extensively depending on individual objectives,
but typically talking, most individuals notice improvements in physical well being and psychological readability.
When taking giant doses of creatine, it has been proven to have an result on the levels of creatinine found in the blood.
Creatinine is the breakdown of creatine and is
often measured when looking at kidney injury. The injury accomplished by creatine has
often been present in individuals already in danger for kidney illness
or who have kidney stones. Creatine has no calories or protein, so it won’t mess with your
quick.
Intermittent fasting has caught the imagination of individuals trying to lose weight.
It is a protocol the place you alternate between fasting and eating windows to enter
a state of ketosis. Folks throughout the globe have practiced fasting
for hundreds of years for religious functions, but the fasting that
we do nows promoted for its varied well being benefits. Bang pre-workout will break a
quick because it incorporates the BCAAs leucine, isoleucine,
and valine which have been proven to raise blood sugar in a fasted state.
Generally, dietary supplements that may break your quick are ones
that contain calories, sugar, protein, or fat. Supplementing with creatine may be
an efficient method to maximize the outcomes of a quick. For those
looking to enhance their bodily efficiency or improve muscle
positive aspects, it might be useful to mix fasting with strategic supplementation techniques.
By incorporating the right kind of supplementation into a fasting routine, people can see tangible advantages when it comes
to physicality.
Even although these might break your quick in the technical sense, it’s uncertain they will significantly
hinder your outcomes. In reality, L-citrulline might promote the benefits of intermittent fasting/calorie restriction [3].
The major pre-workout ingredients that break a quick are those
with energy, like amino acids or sugars. However, if your pre-workout
elements are calorie-free you then won’t break your
fast.
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This downward development continued all through the cycle, leaving me disheartened and perplexed as
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Regardless Of CJC-1295’s believed impression on weight loss and physique composition, there remains a scarcity
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CJC-1295 is often additional modified with a drug affinity complicated
(DAC), made up of N-epsilon-3-maleimidopropionamide,
that’s hooked up to the peptide’s C-terminus and extends CJC-1295’s half-life to up to eight
days [7]. MediSearch is a search engine that gives instant solutions to medical
questions based mostly on 30 million scientific articles.
References:
Loretta
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