Basic Reading Techniques: Skimming and Scanning

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Di awal semester ini, kita akan mempelajari dua teknik dasar dalam membaca, yaitu skimming dan scanning. Teknik ini sangat membantu kalian membaca lebih cepat dan menemukan informasi penting dalam teks tanpa harus membaca seluruh kata.

skimming and scanning
skimming and scanning

1. Skimming

Skimming adalah teknik membaca cepat untuk mendapatkan gambaran umum atau main idea dari sebuah teks. Dalam skimming, kalian cukup membaca bagian-bagian penting seperti judul, subjudul, kalimat pertama setiap paragraf, dan mungkin beberapa kalimat di tengah paragraf yang kelihatan penting.

Contoh Skimming:

Misalnya, kalian diberikan artikel berjudul “The Impact of Social Media on Communication”. Untuk melakukan skimming, kalian cukup baca judul, subjudul seperti “Positive Effects” dan “Negative Effects”, serta kalimat pertama dari setiap paragraf. Dari situ, kalian bisa mendapatkan gambaran bahwa artikel ini membahas pengaruh media sosial, baik dampak positif maupun negatif, terhadap cara kita berkomunikasi.

Fun Fact: Tahukah kalian bahwa otak manusia mampu mengenali pola dan kata dalam sebuah teks hanya dengan sekilas pandang? Ini sebabnya kenapa kita bisa membaca cepat tanpa harus memahami semua kata!

2. Scanning

Scanning adalah teknik yang digunakan ketika kalian mencari informasi spesifik dalam teks. Misalnya, saat kalian butuh angka, tanggal, nama, atau istilah tertentu. Dalam scanning, mata kalian akan “menyisir” teks secara cepat dari atas ke bawah sampai menemukan informasi yang dicari, tanpa membaca seluruh kalimat.

Baca Juga:  Course Overview: Introduction to Reading and Writing Skills
Contoh Scanning:

Misalkan, kalian diberi tugas untuk menemukan statistik tentang pengguna media sosial di Indonesia dalam artikel yang sama. Kalian bisa langsung mencari angka atau kata kunci seperti “users”, “Indonesia”, atau “2023” untuk menemukan data yang dibutuhkan tanpa harus membaca keseluruhan paragraf.

Fun Fact: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saat melakukan scanning, mata kita bekerja seperti “mesin pencari”, langsung melompat ke kata atau angka yang kita cari tanpa menganalisis detail lain di sekitarnya!


Kapan Menggunakan Skimming dan Scanning?

  • Skimming cocok digunakan ketika kalian perlu memahami overview dari teks. Misalnya, saat membaca artikel panjang atau laporan yang baru pertama kali kalian lihat. Dengan skimming, kalian akan tahu apakah teks tersebut relevan untuk dibaca lebih lanjut atau tidak.
  • Scanning digunakan ketika kalian sudah tahu apa yang kalian cari. Misalnya, ketika kalian mencari informasi spesifik dalam teks yang sudah pernah kalian baca sebelumnya, seperti mencari jawaban soal di dalam teks atau menemukan tanggal dalam sebuah artikel.

Dengan menguasai teknik skimming dan scanning, kalian akan menjadi pembaca yang lebih efisien. Kedua teknik ini sangat membantu ketika kalian menghadapi teks panjang dan perlu menemukan informasi dengan cepat, baik untuk tugas akademik maupun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

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