1. Latar Belakang Masalah
Latar belakang masalah berisi uraian mengenai fenomena atau konteks yang mendasari mengapa topik penelitian ini penting untuk dikaji. Di sini, peneliti menjelaskan kondisi, tren, atau permasalahan yang ada di lapangan, serta alasan pentingnya penelitian ini dilakukan.
Contoh Praktis: Jika penelitian Anda tentang penggunaan teknologi dalam pembelajaran, latar belakang bisa mencakup perkembangan teknologi di dunia pendidikan, perubahan paradigma pembelajaran, dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh siswa dan guru dalam mengadopsi teknologi.
2. Batasan Masalah
Batasan masalah adalah penjelasan mengenai aspek-aspek yang akan diteliti dan yang tidak akan diteliti. Ini penting untuk menghindari ruang lingkup penelitian yang terlalu luas dan untuk memastikan bahwa penelitian tetap fokus dan terarah.
Contoh Praktis: Dalam penelitian tentang teknologi pembelajaran, batasan masalah bisa mencakup hanya siswa SMA di Jakarta, hanya penggunaan aplikasi tertentu, dan hanya mata pelajaran matematika.
3. Fokus Penelitian
Fokus penelitian adalah area utama atau topik yang menjadi pusat perhatian dalam penelitian. Fokus ini menentukan batasan dan arah penelitian sehingga menjadi lebih terarah dan spesifik.
Contoh Praktis: Jika Anda tertarik meneliti tentang pendidikan, fokus penelitian Anda bisa berupa “Pengaruh penggunaan teknologi dalam pembelajaran terhadap motivasi belajar siswa.”
4. Sub Fokus Penelitian
Sub fokus penelitian adalah rincian dari fokus penelitian yang lebih spesifik dan mendalam. Ini membantu mempersempit area penelitian menjadi lebih terarah pada aspek-aspek tertentu yang ingin diteliti secara detail.
Contoh Praktis: Dari fokus di atas, sub fokus penelitian bisa berupa:
- “Pengaruh penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran berbasis gamifikasi pada mata pelajaran matematika.”
- “Perbedaan motivasi belajar siswa antara yang menggunakan e-learning dan metode konvensional.”
Rumusan masalah adalah pertanyaan-pertanyaan utama yang ingin dijawab oleh penelitian. Ini adalah inti dari penelitian yang mengarahkan pada tujuan penelitian. Rumusan masalah harus jelas, spesifik, dan dapat diukur.
Contoh Praktis: Berdasarkan sub fokus di atas, rumusan masalah bisa berupa:
- “Bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran berbasis gamifikasi terhadap motivasi belajar siswa di mata pelajaran matematika?”
- “Apakah terdapat perbedaan signifikan dalam motivasi belajar antara siswa yang menggunakan e-learning dan metode konvensional?”
6. Tujuan Penelitian
Tujuan penelitian adalah hasil yang ingin dicapai melalui penelitian. Ini adalah jawaban terhadap rumusan masalah dan mencerminkan kontribusi apa yang ingin diberikan oleh penelitian terhadap ilmu pengetahuan atau praktik.
Contoh Praktis: Tujuan penelitian dari rumusan masalah di atas bisa berupa:
- “Untuk menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi pembelajaran berbasis gamifikasi terhadap motivasi belajar siswa di mata pelajaran matematika.”
- “Untuk membandingkan tingkat motivasi belajar siswa yang menggunakan e-learning dengan yang menggunakan metode konvensional.”
7. Manfaat Penelitian
Manfaat penelitian menguraikan kontribusi apa yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini, baik secara teoritis maupun praktis. Manfaat teoritis biasanya berkaitan dengan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, sementara manfaat praktis berkaitan dengan aplikasinya dalam kehidupan nyata.
Contoh Praktis: Manfaat teoritis bisa berupa penambahan literatur terkait pengaruh teknologi dalam pendidikan. Manfaat praktis bisa berupa rekomendasi kepada sekolah-sekolah dalam mengimplementasikan teknologi untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa.
8. Hipotesis Penelitian (jika diperlukan)
Hipotesis adalah dugaan sementara atau asumsi yang akan diuji dalam penelitian, terutama dalam penelitian kuantitatif. Ini adalah jawaban sementara terhadap rumusan masalah yang akan dibuktikan melalui analisis data.
Contoh Praktis: “Penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran berbasis gamifikasi secara signifikan meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dibandingkan metode konvensional.”
9. Metode Penelitian (Gambaran Singkat)
Pada Bab 1, sering kali juga disertakan gambaran singkat tentang metode penelitian yang akan digunakan, seperti jenis penelitian (kualitatif atau kuantitatif), pendekatan yang diambil, populasi dan sampel, serta teknik pengumpulan data.
Contoh Praktis: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimen. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas X di SMA Jakarta, dengan sampel 100 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi.
10. Sistematika Penulisan
Sistematika penulisan menjelaskan bagaimana penelitian ini disusun dalam bab-bab berikutnya. Ini memberikan panduan kepada pembaca tentang alur pembahasan dalam penelitian.
Contoh Praktis:
- Bab 1: Pendahuluan (meliputi latar belakang, rumusan masalah, tujuan, dll.)
- Bab 2: Kajian Pustaka
- Bab 3: Metode Penelitian
- Bab 4: Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan
- Bab 5: Kesimpulan dan Saran
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