State Of The Art, GAP Penelitian, dan Novelty: Pilar Utama dalam Merancang Penelitian yang Inovatif

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State of the Art, Gap Penelitian, dan Novelty dalam Penelitian

Dalam penelitian, terdapat beberapa konsep yang sangat penting untuk memahami dan mengembangkan penelitian yang bermakna dan berdampak. Dua konsep utama yang sering kali menjadi landasan dalam merancang dan mengembangkan penelitian adalah state of the art, gap penelitian, dan novelty.

  1. State of the Art

State of the art (SOA) adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kondisi terbaru dalam suatu bidang pengetahuan atau teknologi. SOA mencakup semua penemuan, teori, dan praktik yang paling canggih dan relevan pada saat ini. Dalam konteks penelitian, SOA berfungsi sebagai landasan untuk menentukan arah dan tujuan penelitian. Dengan memahami SOA, peneliti dapat mengetahui apa yang telah dicapai dalam bidang tersebut dan apa yang masih perlu diperbaiki atau dikembangkan.

Contoh yang jelas dari SOA adalah dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Pada tahun 2020, SOA dalam bidang ini mencakup penggunaan AI, blockchain, dan Internet of Things (IoT). Peneliti yang ingin melakukan penelitian tentang pengembangan sistem keamanan jaringan dapat memanfaatkan SOA ini untuk mengetahui teknologi apa yang paling canggih dan relevan saat ini.

  • Gap Penelitian

Gap penelitian, atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai research gap, adalah celah atau kesenjangan yang terjadi akibat perbedaan antara hasil penelitian yang ada dan data yang ditemukan di lapangan. Gap penelitian ini dapat berupa inkonsistensi antara teori dan praktik, atau adanya kekurangan dalam bukti penelitian. Dalam prakteknya, masalah yang dihadapi tidak selalu selesai dengan satu hasil penelitian, sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian lanjutan untuk menemukan solusi yang lebih baik.

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Jenis-Jenis Gap Penelitian:

  1. Theoretical Gap: Kesenjangan yang terjadi melalui teori yang sebelumnya menjadi dasar penelitian. Peneliti mungkin menggunakan teori yang salah atau tidak lengkap, sehingga mempengaruhi hasil riset.
  2. Gap: Kesenjangan yang ada dalam bukti penelitian. Peneliti menemukan titik kesenjangan antara fenomena yang tidak asing dengan bukti lapangan yang ditemukan.
  3. Population Gap: Jenis gap penelitian yang berdasarkan produktivitas bisnis dan jangkauan populasi saat mengambil data penelitian. Peneliti harus memperhatikan apakah ada inkonsistensi dalam menentukan objek penelitian berkaitan dengan populasi.
  4. Empirical Gap: Kesenjangan fenomena empiris. Peneliti perlu memperhatikan apakah ada inkonsistensi dalam proses penelitian yang dilakukan.

Cara Menemukan Gap Penelitian:

  1. Mencari Fenomena yang Tidak Ada Teorinya: Peneliti dapat mencari fenomena yang nyata di lapangan tetapi belum ada teori yang menjelaskannya. Dengan demikian, peneliti dapat mengembangkan teori baru untuk menjelaskan fenomena tersebut.
  2. Mencari Konsep yang Luput dari Penelitian Sebelumnya: Peneliti dapat mencari konsep yang diabaikan dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Konsep ini dapat menjadi fokus utama untuk dilakukan penelitian berikutnya.
  3. Mencari Inkonsistensi Hasil Penelitian: Peneliti dapat menemukan inkonsistensi hasil penelitian dari beberapa peneliti. Kondisi ini menunjukkan adanya research gap yang perlu diatasi.

Contoh:

Integrasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek dan Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi: Meskipun kedua pendekatan ini telah terbukti efektif, masih sedikit penelitian yang mengeksplorasi integrasi keduanya dalam pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana menggabungkan kedua pendekatan untuk memaksimalkan hasil belajar siswa.

Novelty dalam konteks penelitian berarti keaslian atau keunikan dari penelitian yang dilakukan. Penelitian yang memiliki novelty memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam mengembangkan pengetahuan dan teknologi. Novelty dapat berupa penemuan baru, pengembangan teori, atau aplikasi praktis yang belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya.

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Pentingnya Novelty dalam Penelitian:

  1. Meningkatkan Kualitas Penelitian: Penelitian dengan novelty memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kualitas penelitian karena memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan
  2. Mengembangkan Pengetahuan: Penelitian dengan novelty dapat mengembangkan pengetahuan dalam bidang tertentu dengan cara yang lebih efektif dan efisien.
  3. Mengatasi Gap Penelitian: Penelitian dengan novelty dapat mengatasi gap penelitian yang ada dengan cara menemukan solusi yang lebih baik dan lebih lengkap.

Hubungan Antara State of the Art, Gap Penelitian, dan Novelty:

  1. SOA sebagai Landasan: State of the art berfungsi sebagai landasan untuk menentukan arah dan tujuan penelitian. Dengan memahami SOA, peneliti dapat mengetahui apa yang telah dicapai dalam bidang tersebut dan apa yang masih perlu diperbaiki atau dikembangkan.
  2. Gap Penelitian sebagai Motivasi: Gap penelitian merupakan kesenjangan yang terjadi akibat perbedaan antara hasil penelitian yang ada dan data yang ditemukan di lapangan. Gap penelitian ini dapat menjadi motivasi untuk melakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menemukan solusi yang lebih baik.
  3. Novelty sebagai Tujuan: Novelty berarti keaslian atau keunikan dari penelitian yang dilakukan. Penelitian yang memiliki novelty memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam mengembangkan pengetahuan dan teknologi.

Contoh:

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek yang Berdiferensiasi untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dalam Matematika: Penelitian ini dapat mengembangkan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang berdiferensiasi untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dalam matematika di sekolah dasar. Model ini dapat diuji coba dan dievaluasi untuk melihat efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.

Contoh Implementasi:

Contoh implementasi dari state of the art, gap penelitian, dan novelty dapat dilihat dalam penelitian mengenai pengembangan sistem keamanan jaringan. Pada tahun 2020, SOA dalam bidang ini mencakup penggunaan AI, blockchain, dan IoT. Namun, masih ada gap penelitian terkait dengan keamanan jaringan yang tidak dapat diatasi oleh teknologi yang ada saat itu. Peneliti dapat menemukan gap penelitian ini dengan cara mencari fenomena yang tidak ada teorinya, seperti adanya serangan cyber yang semakin canggih dan sulit diatasi.

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Dengan demikian, peneliti dapat melakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengembangkan sistem keamanan jaringan yang lebih canggih dan efektif. Penelitian ini memiliki novelty karena memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam mengembangkan pengetahuan dan teknologi dalam bidang keamanan jaringan.

Kesimpulan

Dalam kesimpulan, state of the art, gap penelitian, dan novelty adalah konsep-konsep fundamental yang sangat penting dalam proses penelitian. State of the art berfungsi sebagai landasan untuk menentukan arah dan tujuan penelitian, sementara gap penelitian merupakan kesenjangan yang terjadi akibat perbedaan antara hasil penelitian yang ada dan data yang ditemukan di lapangan. Novelty berarti keaslian atau keunikan dari penelitian yang dilakukan dan memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam mengembangkan pengetahuan dan teknologi.

Dengan memahami dan mengimplementasikan konsep-konsep ini, peneliti dapat melakukan penelitian yang bermakna dan berdampak, serta mengatasi gap penelitian yang ada untuk meningkatkan kualitas penelitian dan mengembangkan pengetahuan dalam bidang tertentu.

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