EVALUASI PROGRAM

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Evaluasi program adalah suatu proses sistematis yang bertujuan untuk menilai keberhasilan suatu program dalam mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Ini melibatkan analisis menyeluruh terhadap berbagai aspek program, termasuk efektivitas, efisiensi, dan dampaknya. Evaluasi program bukan hanya penting untuk memastikan akuntabilitas, tetapi juga untuk memberikan masukan yang konstruktif dalam perbaikan dan pengembangan program di masa depan.

Tujuan Evaluasi Program

Menilai Efektivitas: Mengukur apakah program mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.

Contoh: Dalam program pelatihan keterampilan, evaluasi dilakukan untuk menentukan apakah peserta berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan mereka sesuai dengan indikator yang ditetapkan.

Menganalisis Efisiensi: Menilai penggunaan sumber daya dalam pelaksanaan program.

Contoh: Menghitung biaya per peserta dalam sebuah seminar dan membandingkannya dengan hasil yang diperoleh, seperti peningkatan pengetahuan atau keterampilan.

Mengidentifikasi Dampak: Menganalisis perubahan yang terjadi akibat program, baik positif maupun negatif.

Contoh: Menilai dampak program kesehatan masyarakat terhadap penurunan angka penyakit di komunitas dalam waktu satu tahun setelah program dilaksanakan.

Memberikan Masukan untuk Perbaikan: memberikan umpan balik yang konstruktif untuk perbaikan di masa mendatang

Contoh: Menggunakan umpan balik peserta dari program pendidikan untuk memperbaiki materi dan metode pengajaran pada sesi berikutnya.

Menjamin Akuntabilitas: memastikan bahwa sumber daya yang digunakan dalam program dikelola dengan baik dan sesuai dengan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.

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 Contoh: Laporan evaluasi yang menunjukkan hasil program dan penggunaan anggaran, sehingga pemangku kepentingan dapat melihat apakah dana digunakan secara efektif.

Metodologi Evaluasi Program

Proses evaluasi program dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai pendekatan. Pendekatan kualitatif sering digunakan untuk mendapatkan wawasan mendalam tentang pengalaman peserta dan konteks program. Metode ini dapat mencakup wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok fokus, dan observasi langsung.

Sementara itu, pendekatan kuantitatif melibatkan pengumpulan dan analisis data numerik, seperti survei dan statistik. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan evaluasi untuk menghasilkan hasil yang lebih terukur dan obyektif. Metode campuran, yang menggabungkan kedua pendekatan, sering digunakan untuk memberikan analisis yang lebih komprehensif.

Instrumen penelitian dalam evaluasi program

Dalam evaluasi program, instrumen penelitian digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yang relevan. Berikut adalah beberapa jenis instrumen penelitian beserta contohnya:

Kuesioner: Alat yang berisi serangkaian pertanyaan untuk mengumpulkan data dari responden.

Contoh: Kuesioner kepuasan peserta mengenai program pelatihan yang diisi setelah selesai.

Wawancara: Proses tanya jawab secara langsung atau melalui telepon untuk mendapatkan informasi mendalam.

Contoh: Wawancara dengan peserta dan pengelola program untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman dan pendapat mereka.

Observasi: Metode pengamatan langsung terhadap proses atau interaksi dalam program.

Contoh: Observasi kegiatan kelas untuk menilai keterlibatan peserta dan interaksi antara fasilitator dan peserta.

Dokumentasi: Analisis dokumen yang terkait dengan program untuk mendapatkan informasi tambahan.

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Contoh: Evaluasi laporan kegiatan, materi pelatihan, atau umpan balik tertulis dari peserta.

Teknik validasi dalam penelitian evaluasi program

Teknik validasi dalam penelitian evaluasi program penting untuk memastikan bahwa data dan temuan yang diperoleh akurat dan dapat dipercaya. Berikut adalah beberapa teknik validasi yang umum digunakan:

Triangulasi: Menggunakan lebih dari satu metode atau sumber data untuk cross-check informasi.

Contoh: Menggabungkan hasil dari wawancara, kuesioner, dan observasi untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih komprehensif.

Member Check: Menggunakan peserta atau informan untuk memverifikasi temuan dan interpretasi peneliti.

Contoh: Mengirimkan ringkasan hasil wawancara kepada partisipan untuk memastikan bahwa mereka setuju dengan penafsiran yang dibuat.

Peer Debriefing: Melibatkan rekan peneliti untuk menilai metode, analisis, dan kesimpulan.

Contoh: Meminta pendapat dari kolega atau ahli di bidang evaluasi program tentang rancangan penelitian dan temuan.

Audit Trail: Menyimpan catatan detail tentang proses penelitian, termasuk keputusan yang diambil.

Contoh: Mencatat langkah-langkah yang diambil selama pengumpulan dan analisis data sehingga orang lain dapat mengikuti dan memahami proses.

Kesimpulan

Evaluasi program adalah alat penting dalam memastikan bahwa program yang dijalankan dapat mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan dan memberikan dampak positif bagi masyarakat. Dengan menilai efektivitas, efisiensi, dan dampak program, organisasi dapat mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan kelemahan dalam pelaksanaan program. Hasil evaluasi ini tidak hanya berfungsi untuk akuntabilitas, tetapi juga untuk perbaikan berkelanjutan dan pengambilan keputusan yang lebih baik di masa depan.

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Melalui evaluasi yang sistematis dan terencana, organisasi dapat memastikan bahwa sumber daya yang ada digunakan secara optimal, serta menciptakan program yang lebih efektif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat. Ini merupakan langkah penting dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara keseluruhan.

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Galib Abdillah

PGSD B Semester 5

This Post Has 390 Comments

  1. However, too much sebum leads to oily skin and might block your pores, resulting in zits breakouts.
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    DHT. Thus, hair loss from taking Dianabol alone just isn’t a
    standard concern in our expertise. Dianabol barely will increase levels of the main androgen in males,
    DHT (dihydrotestosterone).
    Gynecomastia (gyno) is when further breast tissue starts to type in a male.
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    to deal with liver disease in Chinese Language medicine for
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    over 50% of TUDCA). Surprisingly, hepatic toxicity was noticed in less than 10% of the
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    Anabolic steroids are illegally used by athletes at all ranges in sports, corresponding to bodybuilding, weightlifting, baseball, soccer, cycling, wrestling, and many others, to enhance their performance.

    Amongst AAS customers there may be the assumption that AAS
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    While gynecomastia can develop in patients with hyperprolactinemia, the
    situation arises secondary to the gonadotropin suppression prolactin can cause (203).
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    attainable side effects similar to cardiac abnormalities or arrhythmia.
    Elevated progestin action on the mammary gland is also impossible to be a reason for AAS-induced gynecomastia.
    AAS do not improve progesterone levels and solely a select few reveal important progesterone
    receptor activation (205). Moreover, no gynecomastia was noted in a 6-month
    hormonal male contraception study combining administration of testosterone enanthate with the potent progestin levonorgestrel (0.5 mg
    daily) (183).
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    reversed through discontinuing using steroids.
    Some forms of counterfeit steroids have had micro organism
    and viruses detected in them which might additionally result in an additional decrease
    in liver perform. High blood pressure also can affect the kidneys because
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    The most secure for the center must be Primobolan, Masteron, and (not a Steroid) however the one I would use is Development Hormone.

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    true greater than ever right here is the phrase ‘The poison is in the does”. No one goes to run into cholesterol points utilizing a wee 150mg of Testosterone per week, however bump that up tenfold and you’re undoubtedly in for a tough time.
    Nevertheless, there does not seem like any reports documenting the occurrence of untimely stunted growth inadolescents taking anabolic steroids. Attention-grabbing, anabolic steroid administration in colts has been reported to delay epiphyseal plate closure (Koskinen and Katila, 1997). Although comparisons between people and animals are difficult to make, suprapharmacological dosages that almost all athletes use may pose a greater risk than the doses studied thus far. Thus, for the adolescent athlete utilizing anabolic steroids the danger of premature epiphyseal plate closure might exist. Testosterone is the primary endogenous hormone belonging to this class.
    Objectively, there was a loss of high frequencies and a decrease mean frequency throughout speech, in addition to elevated voice creakiness and instability as assessed by a speech pathologist. Laryngoscopic findings showed no differences between teams with regard to oedema of the vocal cords and laryngitis. Nevertheless, earlier reviews do notice oedema and hyperaemia shortly after starting AAS administration, however subsiding afterwards. Importantly, individuals didn’t self-report changes in voice, highlighting that these changes can occur progressively and unnoticed. Importantly, deepening of the voice is thought to be irreversible (88). Adolescents and younger adults should be taught concerning the risks of taking anabolic steroids starting in center faculty.
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    We have additionally seen hepatic adenomas (although rare) develop from Dianabol use.
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  2. HGH Results Gallery

    These tissues can be compared to the scale
    of tissues that had been exposed to the standard (either Testosterone or Methyltestosterone, depending on whether or not the anabolic steroid
    being assayed was oral or injectable). The levator ani,
    for example, is a muscle in animals with tails that propels the tail in a wagging
    movement. An enhance in muscle dimension and weight of the levator ani would point out a reasonably correct estimation of an anabolic steroid’s anabolic capabilities.
    Oblique evidence of an antiglucocorticoid impact comes from a
    case report regarding partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (Tincello et al., 1997).
    An interesting clarification for this discovering is that anabolic steroids act as glucocorticoid receptor
    antagonists. Most binding research, nevertheless, point out that anabolic steroids have very low
    binding affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor (Hickson et
    al., 1990), a notable exception being THG, which binds with excessive affinity (Friedel et
    al., 2006b).
    Due To This Fact, we strongly advocate management guidelines
    to support the individual endocrinologist. Eventually, if different causes of hypogonadism have been explored, testosterone ranges stay unequivocally low and there might be no want to have youngsters,
    testosterone substitution could be started under
    the same agreements as acknowledged previously. The data
    extraction tables comprise the complete information extracted from the 109
    articles included in the evaluate. This contains participant information, condition requiring treatment, the remedy provided and the outcomes of remedy.

    We wish to thank the members of this examine for his or her time and willingness to share their experiences.

    Different reviews in literature have additionally documented peliosis hepatis (102, 103),
    hepatocellular carcinoma (104) and adenoma (105, 106) in association with AAS use.
    The incidence might be (very) low and a agency causal link has not been established.

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    Contrary to the expectations at the beginning of the therapy, the patient’s
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    As 5α-reduction occurs readily in androgenic tissue however is
    negligible in skeletal muscle, this explains why 19-nortestosterone has a larger myotrophic-to-androgenic ratio compared with testosterone (Figure 6).
    For example, sort 2 5α-reductase appears to not be needed for the sebaceous gland response to androgens and
    the event of acne, however it’s now identified that the principal isoenzyme in this gland is the type 1
    form (Thiboutot et al., 1995; Sato et al., 1998). This means that further work at the molecular degree is required to
    better understand the motion of androgens on sebaceous gland
    operate. Androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) are artificial derivatives of
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    A evaluation of the literature revealed that the majority laboratory research didn’t
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    Due To This Fact, those research may not reflect the precise (adverse) results of steroids.

    The membrane-bound enzyme GGT is expressed within the kidneys, pancreas, spleen, lungs, mind,
    intestines, coronary heart, prostate and
    liver – the place it is primarily expressed in areas which
    are rich in biliary epithelial cells (112). The collective increase
    in these serum markers ought to thus be interpreted as a sign of liver injury, even in the presence of concomitant muscular
    exercise. Supraphysiological dosages of testosterone, no less than up
    to 600 mg testosterone enanthate, didn’t have an result on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
    ranges in both wholesome young (15, 22) and older males (37).
    Prostate volume, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
    remained unchanged in response to graded dosages up to 600 mg testosterone
    enanthate weekly for 20 weeks in wholesome men (22).

    The HAARLEM study did discover a small but vital improve in PSA ranges on the finish of an AAS
    cycle in contrast with baseline (from zero.71 μg/L to 0.ninety three μg/L) (39).
    Two % of the subjects exceeded the higher limit
    of the reference range (2.0 μg/L). These results are seemingly at odds with the literature that shows unchanged PSA
    ranges in response to supraphysiological dosages of testosterone enanthate.

    Senticosus appears to not have any vital effects on endogenous T ranges [1,104,105].
    Another compound that finds use in the management of low T ranges is dihydrotestosterone (DHT,
    androstanolone; four, Figure 1). Monumental efforts have been made to supply an orally lively form of T, and one profitable
    candidate is the undecanoate ester of T [12].

    Nonetheless, extra research have examined the results of pubertal
    AAS publicity on mind neurotransmitters. Pubertal AAS exposure has
    been proven to alter serotonin (5-HT), catecholamine ranges, vasopressin, GABA, and glutamate (Table 1).

    This evaluate will address the relationship between the exposure to AAS throughout adolescence and their neuro-behavioral penalties.

    We present information in support of AAS-induced changes in neuroplasticity and
    neurotransmitter exercise throughout adolescence. We also present proof demonstrating that the neuro-behavioral impression of adolescent AAS is modulated by a bunch of experiential factors.
    Lastly, we put forth hypotheses which will assist to explain the results
    of publicity to AAS use in puberty. In the complicated world of
    steroid energy, one factor turns into abundantly clear – there are no simple answers.

    In an try to develop the proper anabolic steroid, the pharmaceutical industry developed
    lots of of steroid compounds. Its believed that the higher the anabolic ranking of a
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    Latest scientific and experimental studies proved that the elevated
    exercise of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a pivotal function within the pathogenesis of cardiological illnesses.
    The over-activation of the RAAS might lead to adjustments in the cardiovascular system noticed in subjects taking AASs for doping
    purposes. The pathogenesis of cardiological adjustments and tons of tragic cases resulting from AAS
    abuse may rely upon the strong stimulation of the RAAS and enforced
    HGH Results Gallery by the tissue aldosterone motion. A
    raised stage of aldosterone is considered to be related to the prevalence
    of cardiac diseases, independently of elevated blood stress.

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